I test the coolant with a Prestone Antifreeze/Coolant Tester to determine when I need to change my coolant in additional to visual inspection of rust and sediment.
How I do a coolant flush at home. It takes a few hours with this procedure. I know when I'm done, I got all fresh coolant in the engine block and radiator. There are a couple of plugs on the engine block you can remove to drain the coolant quickly, but they are hard to get at without a lift at home.
Stuff you need:
1) 5 gallons of distilled water
2) 2 gallon of 100% concentrated coolant.
3) A Prestone Antifreeze/Coolant Tester (
http://prestone.com/enca/node/387)
Drain and fill with distilled water:
1) Drain the old coolant from radiator drain valve.
2) Refill radiator with distilled water
3) Run the engine until the lower & upper radiator hose is hard filled with coolant.
4) Let the engine cool down enough and its safe to open the radiator cap without coolant shooting out at you.
5) Repeat the steps until the stuff comes out of the radiator is clear (about 4 times) or clean enough to your standard.
Now that I know that the engine block is filled with distilled water, time to refill with 100% concentrated coolant:
1) Drain the distilled water from radiator drain valve.
2) Refill radiator with 100% concentrated coolant.
3) Run the engine until the upper & lower radiator hose is hard filled with coolant.
4) Let the engine cool down enough and its safe to open the radiator cap without coolant shooting out at you.
5) Repeat the steps until the coolant concentration is at the proper level using a Prestone Antifreeze/Coolant Tester.